The Educational Software as a Motivational Tool in English...

INTRODUCTION The educational software as a motivational tool in English Language Teaching. Time has gone by and the teaching of foreign languages has developed, specially in English Language Teaching. Among the most significant advances one may find: the determination of the professors of trusting on their own resources, the right to choose their cross point between the theory and the practice and to look for pedagogical solutions to the problems. One issue that is still subject of discussion is that of motivation. English has become an indispensable instrument of communication in the entire world, taking place a proliferation of methods and teaching texts; from the one designed in 1580 called The English Schoolmaster to teach to the†¦show more content†¦It can be applied by means of didactic machines, but also by means of books, records and even oral communication. It is a technical device, apart from the Educational Technology that exposes the norms or techniques for the application of didactic programs. This essay presents an analysis of the possibilities of the use of educational software as a motivational tool as well as discuss its advantages and disadvantages in the teaching of English. DISCUSSION It could be argued that with the use of technology the role of the teacher is reduced to the elaboration of the program while the student acquires a predominant role, since he self-instructs, self-programs and receives an individualized learning in agreement with his/her rhythm of assimilation (Vygotsky, 1987), (Wood, 1996). Although this non-collaborative, in some cases, character may look not beneficial, this teaching type has its advantages and, consequently, its disadvantages. Regarding the advantages of the use of technology, it could be said that provides a constant activation and motivation to the students (Davis, 1992), provides a safe ground for individual work as well as a collaborative environment, instant feedback, depending on the tool, about the results of the learning and in countries with economic difficulties it could eventually contribute to satisfy an educational need in some contexts, that is, provide instruction to a large mass of students. Technology, as a hu man-craftedShow MoreRelatedThe Between Modern And Modern Science2260 Words   |  10 PagesThe passage of knowledge using the modernized ways of communication when well applied can uphold the introduction of language and still promote the experience in learning. Many types of research are underway on how the teaching of communication techniques away from the source is possible but still there is a clue on how the local language of communication in China has been taught to people at the far place. The research has shown the significance of modern science in those that are being introducedRead More Technology in Teaching and Learning Essay2206 Words   |  9 PagesEducational technologies are being utilized in every way shape and form, from inline gaming to numeracy, literacy and painting by numbers. From learning to leisure we have embraced the internet, in online chat rooms we communicate, interact and move into future learning through educational programmes and technology that le ts us learn virtually. Instruction and directions are sent across cyberspace which change perceptions and give us an insight into different cultures far away across the other sideRead MoreExamine the Key Factors Influencing Inclusive Teaching and Learning2084 Words   |  9 PagesExamine the key factors influencing inclusive teaching and learning Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation. This starts with acknowledging that students are members of diverse communities, have a range of individual learning needs, and deserve equal opportunity to access the learning experience. Applying inclusive learning is increasingly important in ourRead MoreMotivators That Do Not Motivate: The Case of Chinese EFL Learners and the Influence of Culture on Motivation8163 Words   |  33 PagesConan Doyle, The Adventure of the Second Stain (1930, p. 657) Language learning motivation plays an important role in both research and teaching, yet language learners are still largely understood in terms of North American and European cultural values. This research explored language learning motivation constructs in a Chinese cultural setting, where large numbers of students are required to study English. In Taiwan, 567 language learners responded to a survey concerning motivation orientationRead MoreTeacher Motivation and Its Effect on the Academic Achievement of Kindergarten Children6095 Words   |  25 Pagesintrinsic motivation in learning English than males among engineering university students. Meanwhile, another research by Shang (1998), it was found that females have lower intrinsic motivation in physical education classes than males. A study by Schatt in 2011 focusing on subject of music found that female students have higher instrumental musical practice rate than males while the amount of time spent on practice correlated significantly with intrinsic motivational beliefs. It raises a question whetherRead MoreDISSERTATION21474 Words   |  86 PagesJOHN Exploring the use of authentic materials with young adult learners focused to learn vocabulary. Dissertation submitted in part-fulfilment of the requirements for the University of Exeter B.Ed for Serving Teachers (Hons) English Language Teaching Beatriz Dà ­az de Contreras September 2003 BA/Bed Honours (Exon.) Abstract Although I have always liked to use authentic materials in class, I had never had the opportunity to make a survey and find out if there were real benefitsRead MoreEssay on Augmented Communication Devices1911 Words   |  8 Pagescreated by the Dynavox Systems Company. The most commonly used devices range from the $2,000 Dynamo to a $7,100 Dynavox. The Dynavox is a seven pound portable device that offers excellent communication tools. Subject and picture icons are placed throughout the device while communication software is installed within the system. One can communicate by pressing the icons on the device, inducing a synthesized voice to relay words and sentences out loud. The users of this product can also personalizeRead MoreThe Benefits of Progress Monitoring and Assessment on Pupil Performance16691 Words   |  67 Pagesmonitoring and assessment 20 2.4.1 What a progress monitoring and assessment should do 20 2.6 Disadvantages of progress monitoring 28 2.7 Summary 30 3 Methodology 32 3.1 Principles of Action Research 33 3.2 Research Paradigms 33 3.3 Research Tools 33 3.3.1 Instrument of Data collection 33 3.4 Validity and Reliability 33 3.5 Ethical Measures taken 33 3.6 Sampling Technique 33 3.7 Data analysis 33 3.8 Challenges in the Research Process 33 4 Research Findings and Discussion 36 5Read MoreRole Of Data Driven Learning And Traditional Instruction Essay9233 Words   |  37 PagesINTERNATIONAL BLACK SEA UNIVERSITY FACULTY of EDUCATION and HUMANITIES The Role of Data-Driven Learning and Traditional Instruction of Vocabulary in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Context (in Secondary School) Bilal Tekin Ph.D. Dissertation in Education Sciences Tbilisi, 2015 Scientific Supervisor: Natela Doghonadze (Professor, Doctor at International Black Sea University) (full name academic title) I confirm that the work corresponds to the field, is characterized by novelty, scientificRead MoreFactors That Affect the Academic Performance of the Student Using Computer11401 Words   |  46 Pageslittle statistical research is available for evaluating which type of training and teaching degree has the best effect on student achievement. As the demand for higher academic achievement and accountability in public education grows, it is important to determine whether teachers who hold advanced degrees in education as a general field are more effective than those who have degrees in specific subjects like English or math. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/cda00-09-effects-of-advanced-teacher-training-on-student-achievement

Personal Learning Style Essay - 753 Words

PERSONAL LEARNING STYLE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Who would have ever thought taking a college course would require one to learn how to learn? It is a good concept we normally undergo at a very young age. At the pre-school age one will find children learning their strength and weakness through their playtime. As adults we almost forget we have to learn how to learn to continue growth in our workplace, school, and in life. In our second week of online classes I learned strengths and weakness in my learning style with the aid of learning assessments, personality spectrums, and time management logs. In this paper, I intend to describe the various components of my learning style and outline a plan to improve my time†¦show more content†¦Sometimes retyping my notes worked and sometimes it was just a waste of time I could have used doing other things. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Managing my time has been something that I have been able to do throughout my time in the military. Making the best use of my time by analyzing my use of time is what I am learning from our experience with our time-management logs. After reviewing my time management logs I saw clearly I needed to spend more time on school at home where I can have an ideal setting for learning. With the remaining three weeks of class, I plan to make good use of the free time I have at home for the required reading and work on assignments for the class. Study time at home will consist of me moving to another room that is quiet and informing my family of the time I plan to spend learning without interruptions. Presently I have time at work where I can login to class and read the postings and complete some of the reading. I intend to allow myself more free time in the morning, and complete more reading at home, study more of the reading and place more emphasis on the homework ass ignments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Learning from the assessments I completed this week I, I plan to build on my moderately developed skills and my underdeveloped skills. Increasing areas such as my Body-Kinesthetic, will more than likely enable me to be a better reader. TheseShow MoreRelatedPersonal Essay Learning Style623 Words   |  3 Pageshead: PERSONAL ESSAY Personal Essay of Marie Moore Marie Moore COLL100 B020 American Public University PERSONAL ESSAY Personal Essay of Marie Moore The following is a personal essay about various topics about my college education and my learning styles. This personal essay will include thoughts or reasons for seeking a college degree. As well as my own personal learning styles, which are based upon inventories that have been taken. This personal essayRead More Personal Learning Styles Essay832 Words   |  4 Pages Personal learning styles are highly complex and unique to specific individuals. It is often difficult to pinpoint an exact learning style. Though there are different categories, we often fine tune them to our own abilities. By examining our traits and tendencies we create a clearer understanding of how we process and learn information. With careful review, I have developed a specific analysis of my learning characteristics, including an evaluation of skill levels. Based on what I have recently learnedRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it helps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are more able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreMy Personal Teaching Style And My Student s Learning Styles969 Words   |  4 Pagesthe reading, Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign and Second Language Education by Richard M. Felder –Eunice R. Henriques. I have related this reading selection to my personal teaching/ learning style and my student’s learning styles, but especially to one particular student that I work with. The students’ on my caseload have disabilities that range from the following: verbal, sensory, auditory skills, and emotional and behavior disorders. Most of my students’ have specific learning disabilitiesRead MorePersonal Learning Style894 Words   |  4 PagesPERSONAL LEARNING STYLE I recently researched the four main learning styles, which helped me to determine which of the four I thought I was best matched with. These four learning styles are: visual learning, auditory or linguistic learning, reading/writing-preference learning, and kinesthetic. Visual learners like to see what they are being taught, such as looking at an over-head projection. Auditory learners like listening to lecturesRead MorePersonal Learning Style763 Words   |  4 PagesPERSONAL LEARNING STYLE Who would have ever thought taking a college course would require one to learn how to learn? It is a good concept we normally undergo at a very young age. At the pre-school age one will find children learning their strength and weakness through their playtime. As adults we almost forget we have to learn how to learn to continue growth in our workplace, school, and in life. In our second week of online classes I learned strengths and weakness in my learning style withRead MorePersonal Learning Styles Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone has different learning styles. The way we absorb, analyze, and retain information is what makes each individual unique. What is successful for one individual may not be the most optimal way of learning for someone else. Mr. Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, suggested that there are eight different intelligences governing which learning style would be the most productive-based upon our own personalities. The Pathways to Learning questionnaire, developedRead MoreMy Personal Learning Style Essay examples777 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Learning Style Wow! I have a personal learning style! If I had given any thought to my learning style prior to this course, I would have said simply, Some things are easy for me to learn, and some things are not. Now I can say, I am a grouper, a top-down learner, an owl, in the C-D quadrants, and my strong intelligences are linguistic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. What all this means, still, is some things are easy for me to learn, and some things are not. But thereRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreThe Visual Learner in Me: Analyzing Different Learning Styles563 Words   |  3 Pagesabout what your learning preference may be? Did you know everyone may have a style of learning? By taking a self assessment, you can identify your own learning style. Implementing this understanding into your daily life, may help ensure a better comprehension of material. In this essay, I will gather information about two self assessments I have taken. These self assessments describe my individual learning style. I will determine

My favourite book free essay sample

Introduction: Bangladesh is located in the north-eastern part of SouthAsia. Bangladesh lies between 20. 34’ and 26. 36’ north latitude and 88. 01 and 92. 41, east longitudes. The mighty Himalayas is to the north, while the southern frontier is covered to the Bay of Bengal. The expensive Gangetic plains to westBengal of India and on the eastern frontier to the forest of Myanmar and India to Tripura and Assam Hills. These picturesque geographical feature’s boundaries delineat a low lying plain of about 47,570 sq. km. criss-crossed by innumerable brooks, rivulets and streams and rivers like the Padma[Ganges],the Brahmaputra[Jamuna],the Megna,the Karnaphuli. Description : Physiography is the science which treats the Earth’s exterior physical features, climate, life and the physical movements or changes on the Earth’s surface, such as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture,magnetism, i. e. physical geography. Sunderban is the most preciouse and wealthy area for Bangladesh. We will write a custom essay sample on My favourite book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sunerban suituated in Khulna Division and it’s gives protection to Bangladesh from outside enemies. There lives lot of different kinds of animals and these animals make our Sunderban beautiful and welthy. Mammals are a clade of endothermic amniotes. Among the features that distinguish them from the other amniotes, the reptiles and the birds, are hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands infemales, and a neocortex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four-chambered heart. The mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorqual whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, some primates and some cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in the trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during pregnancy. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 mm (1. 2–1. 6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. Birds (class Aves or clade Avialae) are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. With around 10,000 living species, they are the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. All present species belong to the subclass Neornithes, and inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2. 75 m (9 ft) Ostrich. The fossil record indicates that birds emerged within theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. Birds are the only members of the clade originating with the earliest dinosaurs to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Modern birds are characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. All living species of birds have wings; the most recent species without wings was the moa, which is generally considered to have become extinct in the 16th century. Wings are evolved forelimbs, and most bird species can fly. Flightless birds include ratites, penguins, and a number of diverse endemic island species. Some species of birds, particularly penguins and members of the Anatidae family, are adapted to swim. Birds also have unique digestive and respiratory systems that are highly adapted for flight. Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animal species; a number of bird species have been observed manufacturing and using tools, and many social species exhibit cultural transmission of knowledge across generations. Some marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs, rarely ventured onto land and gave birth in the water. Others, such as sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles, return to shore to lay their eggs. Some marine reptiles also occasionally rest and bask on land. Tigers in Bangladesh are now relegated to the forests of the Sundarbans and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The Chittagong forest is contiguous with tiger habitat in India and Myanmar, but the tiger population is of unknown status. In another study, home ranges of adult female tigers were recorded comprising between 12 and 14 km2 (4. 6 and 5. 4 sq mi). , which would indicate an approximate carrying capacity of 150 adult females. The small home range of adult female tigers (and consequent high density of tigers) in this habitat type relative to other areas may be related to both the high density of prey and the small size of the Sundarbans tigers. Present Condition Of Bangladesh : In present time Bangladesh environmental situation is in big risk. Lot of disaster were happened in past and present time also running. Our animals are also in big risk due to people are destroying trees and lands for making dewellings and mutistoried commercial complexes. For these reasons our animals are losing their foods and living places for survive. How Can We Protect Our Wild Life : To save our wild life we have to take lot of steps to and to take care of them and we have to deocrate our environment to make survival of our wilf life. Which Animals Are Going To Extinct : Golden Eagles / Panda / West African Rhino / Dodo / Dolphines / Golend Toad and these animals are disappearing from our world due to they have no any environmental situation for survive and living particulars. Today there are animals in all parts of the world,but some are in danger of being wiped out. This time is it not change in the climate which could make them extinct. As people spreads throughout the world, building cities, roads, factories and dams, and cutting down large areas of forests, many animals are once in danger. Their natural habitat is being taken over. Another way in which people endangers animals is by hunting. Conclusion : There are lot of animals in our worid and which we have learned from above that we have to protect and save our animals in any cost otherwise we can not live and save the environmental polution and also our next generation will not enjoy and learn about animals and learn the life style of these beautiful creature.

Washington vs Roosevelt view on foreign policy Essays -

Washington vs Roosevelt view on foreign policy I think that george washington had a better view than teddy roosevelt on foreign policy. because george washington wanted to improve agriculture and trade within their own country. while Roosevelt got involved with other countries. Washington supported Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton's Federalist financial plans, including a national bank and a tax on whiskey. The latter led to a minor revolt in Pennsylvania, the Whiskey Rebellion, and Washington mobilized troops from neighboring states to quell the uprising. Washington appointed the first cabinet and persuaded Congress to give him authority to fire executive branch employees.When France and England began fighting again, the president chose to remain neutral even as fellow patriots pointedly reminded him of France's important contribution to the American War of Independence. Elsewhere, harassment by Barbary pirates persuaded Washington to build up an American navy. Within North America, agreements were made with Spain allowing American ships to navigate the Mississippi freely, allowing agricultural products grown around the Ohio River to reach the Atlantic port of New Orleans. Roosevelt drafted the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. would freely intervene in any nation in the Western Hemisphere guilty of "brutal wrongdoing." Roosevelt had long advocated the building of a Central American canal linking the Pacific to the Atlantic, and to this end he supported the independence of Panama from Colombia in 1903. Panama rapidly agreed to American terms on a canal zone lease, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began digging the following year. Roosevelt was also instrumental in brokering peace between Japan and Russia over the contested areas of Manchuria and Korea in 1905.

Violence and Human Dignity

Violence and Human Dignity Free Online Research Papers Our society usually interprets violence in a conventional ways just as a physical harm that is done to the body or physical destruction. Even though a lot of dictionaries would suggest some sort of physical force this definition seems very simple. Moreover most of the time this interpretation is very limited. As Robert Brown suggested violence is â€Å"the violation of personhoodâ€Å" (Brown, 7) . Violation of personhood may exist in different ways. But some of those ways may be generalized into four categories. The first category is personal overt physical assault. This is very known category in which violence is done by physical force of one person is applied on the human body. For example two people are getting into a fight and at the end they start to hit each other. Another example is of Mike Bray who was an American Baptist minister and also antiabortionist. He used to bomb abortion clinics and murder abortion doctors. By doing this he justified his actions through bible in the sense that he was saving innocent unborn human lives. Second is institutionalized over physical assault. This is also a sort of an assault that is expressed by applying force on a human body but it is not done by one individual. This type of violence comes from a more powerful source like police source or an army and a very good example shown is war (Brown, 7). A huge power of a country or even more than one countries are involved in act of human destruction by killing people. The third type of violence is personal covert violence. This type of violence does not involve physical act of destruction rather it involves psychological, spiritual and emotional act. It is verbal violence. Good example is from American history when Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. After this incident almost all Japanese looking people were verbally violated at all time in public places by Americans. It may also be written or art violence. For example an article that would humiliate and dehumanize a person in a way or even better a political cartoon or some comic picture that may in fact dehumanize a human or religion by showing it as an enemy or something lesser than a human. The fourth way of institutionalized covert violence which involves institutions violating members within a society. This kind of violation would involved racism based on color like slavery or racism based on religion like during Holocaust. It would involve sexism like in eighteenth century when males were considered men, dominant figures and women were considered as their property. They didn’t have a right to vote, right to speak up or even attend particular places like gentlemen clubs. It also involves poverty because our society seems to help out poor people but, believe it or not, there are so many societies in which a person living in a poverty would not be even considered a human being and there for would be violated by all means. Conventional understandings of violence are limited because a lot of people don’t consider some of the acts that were showed as a violence. Now we understand that racism is a violence but during racism it was considered normal, now we understand that by verbal, written and art violence we could create a total dehumanization which would cause much bigger destructions but before it was not considered a violation rather an inspiration of person’s thoughts to a particular opinion. Moreover all of these violations enforce physical abuse such as blacks were physically abused, political cartoons now days enforce war in Iraq. There for without looking at different violation it call comes down to physical violence and there for its conventional understanding becomes limited. Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted on December 10th 1948 after World War II. The origin of it started in Germany during Holocaust. It was a genocide act toward Jewish religion and Jews. Around six million of Jewish people were killed just because county’s dictator did not like Jews and tried to clear his country from them. After the war United Nations raised a question of whom to protect the human rights and there for decided that the entire world has to gather and take responsibility since the state could not protect its own people. It became a necessity to protect humans against such massive destruction and to inspire other not to follow such acts of violence. There for Universal declaration of Human Rights was adopted. In it is clearly stated to respect human dignity with all its responsibilities. It stated to make each person have his/her freedom, justice and peace. Declarations clearly does not use any religious language because people around the world have different religions and some of them don’t have a religion at all. Except it explains the responsibilities of nations straight to the point. Catholic bishops of the United States explain the origin and responsibilities of human dignity from the origin of life. Christian origins of human dignity reveals four dimensions of it. It opens up the story of creation and through the story a reader has a deeper sense of meaning. First dimension is that human dignity is good because it is created and created by God. Secondly it shows that human beings are made in Gods image. This reveals that each person is given human rights and responsibilities of everything that was created by God. The third aspect explains that just by being created human beings already have dignity within themselves and that they should care for it. The last aspect is to be fruitful and multiply. Through this dimension origin of creation gives a chance to respect human dignity and enables a person transfer it to the new generation. More over bishops explained that there are responsibilities of having human dignity. From reading â€Å"The Christian Vision of Economic Life† responsibilities were described. It states â€Å"†¦to protect human life and property, demand respect for parents and the spouses and the children of one’s neighbor and manifest a special concern for the vulnerable members of the community: widows, poor, orphans, and strangers in the land† (National Conference of Catholic Bishops, 19). By protection of property was meant not to be wasting resources that were given by another human being or by nature and being able to distribute resources equally. The second was to respect parents, spouses and children of neighbor. This responsibility emphasized a respect and understanding not only of your own family but rather the family of humanity. The third aspect was to protect vulnerable members of community because they are of a lesser power and may even be lacking power at all. Through these responsibilities and actions of help it is showed our own dignity and respect. The last responsibility is justice but not a law justice. It is more a Gods justice which is dealt with â€Å"†¦rightness of the human condition before God and within society †¦manifestation of love and the condition for love to grow†( National Conference of Catholic Bishops, 22). This characteristic is more concerned with brining agreement, harmony and tranquility within a community. There for in order to achieve it there has to be some rule made that would hold the whole community within the borders of characteristics of dignity. Research Papers on Violence and Human DignityEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is Art

Definition and Meaning of Illiteracy

Definition and Meaning of Illiteracy Illiteracy is the quality or condition of being unable to read or write. Illiteracy is a major problem throughout the world. According to Anne-Marie Trammell, Worldwide, 880 million adults have been labeled as illiterate, and in the United States it is estimated that almost 90 million adults are functionally illiterate, that is to say that they do not have the minimal skills needed to function in society (Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, 2009). In England, says a report from the National Literacy Trust, Around 16 percent, or 5.2 million adults, can be described as functionally illiterate. They would not pass an English GCSE and have literacy levels at or below those expected of an 11-year-old (Literacy: State of the Nation, 2014).   Observations The subculture of illiteracy is larger than anyone on the outside would ever believe. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) conducted a study of illiteracy among adults in the United States in 2003, the results of which were released in December 2005. NAAL found that 43 percent of the total population aged 16 and older, or some 93 million people, ranked at the below-basic or basic level in their reading skills. Fourteen percent of the adult population had below-basic skills in reading and understanding prose texts, a percentage that was unchanged from 1992 when the first NAAL report was released.The gap between the 43 percent at below-basic and basic prose literacy and the 57 percent at intermediate and proficient raises the question: How can those at lower levels compete in a world that demands increasing literacy skills? Not surprisingly, the NAAL study found that among adults with below-basic prose literacy, 51 percent were not in the labor force.(John Corcoran, The Bri dge to Literacy. Kaplan, 2009) Illiteracy and the Internet As teenagers’ scores on standardized reading tests have declined or stagnated, some argue that the hours spent prowling the Internet are the enemy of reading, diminishing literacy, wrecking attention spans and destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books.But others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading, one that schools and society should not discount. The Web inspires a teenager who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching television, to read and write.(Motoko Rich, Literacy Debate: Online, R U Really Reading? The New York Times, July 27, 2008) Literacy as  a Continuum of Skills Illiteracy has fallen from one in five people to almost nonexistent over a century and a bit. But illiteracy clearly isn’t a single on-or-off switch. It’s not just you can read and write or you can’t. Literacy is a continuum of skills. Basic education now reaches virtually all Americans. But many among the poorest have the weakest skills in formal English.That combines with another fact: more people are writing than ever before. Even most of the poor today have cell phones and internet. When they text or scribble on Facebook, they’re writing. We easily forget that this is something that farmhands and the urban poor almost never did in centuries past. They lacked the time and means even if they had the education.(Robert Lane Greene, Schotts Vocab Guest Post: Robert Lane Greene on Language Sticklers. The New York Times, March 8, 2011)

Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salmon Fishing in the Yemen - Movie Review Example Worse still Afghanistan is bombed, a factor that leads to the British PM, Maxwell Patricia call for the need to strengthen the relationship between the British and Muslim worlds4. In the business world, it is possible that cultures differ. Each of the cultural worlds tends to be suspicious of the other party as they do not share the same experiences and beliefs. As seen in the film, Harriet is frustrated by Jones, the fisheries expert who has numerous misconceptions about Yemen’s ability to sustain the business5. In fact, Jones is wary that he might tarnish his business name in the event that he invests in the Yemen community and is completely against the project, to an extent that he walks out of the meeting6. In this case, it is warranted to argue that the profits that would be accrued from investing in Yemen can easily be lost due to the cultural variations between the two parties. Jones is simply uninterested by any chance getting involved with the Yemenis but Harriet insi sts7. Later in the film, culture is seen as yet another barrier to business success. Jones finally agrees to the business plan and a meeting with the Sheikh is set8. Upon arrival, at the Scottish Highlands, Jones reveals that he has no faith, an aspect that demoralizes Sheikh who believes that the fishing industry requires a commitment to one’s faith9. This sparks a conflict between both parties who have a conflict of interests that emanate from their cultural faith. However, the project goes on well despite the personal problems in the lives of Jones and Harriet but cultural issues continue to dwindle the success of the business10. This time, Sheikh is accused of staining the Islamic world by doing business with the West11. It gets to a point that the Sheikh is to be assassinated by some radicals, and faces opposition from the locals who do not want the pods to be operational. Sheikh attempts to explain that he opened the pod for the good of the people, but the locals are no t impressed with that fact at all12. This can arguably be indicated to emanate from the variations in beliefs from the two worlds. Arguably, culture has played a major role in the assessing the various outcomes of the project. In the event that both parties would not have jeopardized their beliefs in terms of culture, it is obvious that the business would not have succeeded one mile. This is for the reason that each of the parties would be quick to judge the other and use their misconceptions in the business. It is the respect of the cultural variations that led to the success of the project in the long run, as the interests of the business were put first; thus, picking the best from each group. From the film, it is clear that Sheikh is quick to explain the spirituality and the religion that is linked to fishing, but Jones seems not care about that, but the project success13.

Into the Question of the Art Nature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Into the Question of the Art Nature - Assignment Example It defines art as works created by artists: paintings, sculptures, etc., which are created to be beautiful or to express important ideas or feelings Painting is the process of applying a pigment, paint or a colour to a surface by use of a brush. In art, painting may be used to mean the action and the result of the action. It is a mode of creative expression and has numerous forms. Paintings can be representational and naturalistic, abstract, photographic, or be loaded with symbolism, narrative content or just emotional in nature. It has the elements of colour tone, intensity and a lot of nontraditional elements (Arnheim, 2009). A sculpture is a branch of visual arts. It is one of the oldest kinds of art, having existed before most of the other art forms. There were durable forms that used carving and modelling, but modernity has led to freedom in the ways that it’s done, in terms of the materials used and the process. Carving involved removal of parts of the material used, whereas modelling involved the addition of the material such as clay. Architecture is the form of art, and arguably a science, that deals with designing of building and non-building materials. It involves a lot of creative manipulation and coordination of technology and materials. We have the ancient architectures forms and the modern forms of architecture, which implies that architecture could also be as old as painting. (Ralph, 1998) Photography is the art and science of creating images. Light or some other electromagnetic radiation is recorded either chemically by use of a light-sensitive material such as a photographic film or electronically by use of an image sensor. A lens is always used to focus the light emitted or reflected from objects into the real image on the light-sensitive part of the camera.   Printmaking is a form of fine art. It is the process of making works of art by printing basically. Prints always have an element of originality. It is possible to create a multiplicity of prints of the same piece.  Ã‚  

Effect of Incorporation of Carrot Powder in Wheat Flour Essay Example for Free

Effect of Incorporation of Carrot Powder in Wheat Flour Essay Effect of Incorporation of Carrot Powder in Wheat Flour for the Preparation of Stick Noodles Kripa Shakya1 and Anup Halwai2 1. College of Applied Food and Dairy Technology,Kathamndu, Nepal 2. Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, Kathamndu, Nepal [emailprotected] com Abstract Noodles were prepared by incorporating carrot powder in the percentage of 5, 10, 15 and 20 in wheat flour. The main objective of the work was to prepare the nutritious noodle enriched with Vitamin A. Sensory evaluation of the carrot powder incorporated stick noodles revealed that the product prepared with 5% carrot powder and 95% wheat flour was found to be most acceptable. The chemical analysis of the most acceptable product were found out to be 10. 8% moisture, 0. 6% fat, 10. 3 % crude protein, 0. 7% crude fiber,1. 7% total ash, 0. 1% acid insoluble ash, 75. 8% carbohydrate and 12166 I. U. Vitamin A content. Keywords: Noodle, wheat flour, carrot powder, Vitamin A 1. Introduction: Noodles are among the oldest forms of the processed foods consumed in Asia and other parts of the world (Hou, 2001). Noodles can be prepared from wheat flour alone and/or in combination with other ingredients such as rice flour, buckwheat and mung bean.. In the noodle preparation, a crumbly dough is formed which is then passed through a series of rolls to form a sheet. The sheet is then slit to produce noodles (Hou, 2001). Carrot (Daucus carota) is a root vegetable, usually orange or red- white blend in color with crisp texture when fresh. Carrot gets its characteristic and bright orange color from ? carotene, which is metabolized into vitamin A in human when bile salts are present in the intestines. Carrots are also rich in dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Carrot can also promote colon health as it is rich in fiber. Vitamin A deficiency remains widespread in many countries in South Asia and contributes to a significant proportion of preventable blindness (Bloem, 1997). Vitamin A supplementation can reduce the risk of blindness in case of the children (Hennig et al. 1991). In Nepal, two types of noodles are consumed. They are stick (sinke) noodle and instant noodle. In case of instant noodle, different ingredients and nutrients has been added to improve the nutrient content and to increase the consumer appeal such as iron, calcium and vitamin A and different flavors like spinach, chicken and vegetables. But, to the best of my knowledge, in case of noodles, no such studies have been conducted. The main objective of this research is to prepare the noodle enriched with Vitamin A and to analyze its chemical composition of the product. 2. Materials and methods: The raw materials used for the noodle making for wheat flour, carrot powder and salt. Five samples of stick noodles were prepared and labeled A (0% carrot powder and 100% wheat flour), B (5% carrot powder and 95% wheat flour), C (10% carrot powder and 90% wheat flour), D (15% carrot powder and 85% wheat flour) and E (20% carrot powder and 80% wheat flour). Wheat flour was cleaned by passing through a fine sieve screen. Fresh carrots were washed with potable water, sliced, dried at 100Â ±2 ? C for 6 hours. The dried carrots were then powdered in the grinder. Salt was bought from the local market. The method involved cleaning of raw materials, sieving, mixing, of water, kneading, sheeting, cutting, drying and packaging. The raw materials were weighed and mixed manually. 1% of salt was added to the mixture. The required amount of water (33%) was added to the flour. The mixture was kneaded manually to form dough and then left for 30 minutes. The dough was passed through rollers to obtain a sheet. Then it was passed through the cutter to cut into strips. The noodles were dried at a low humidity room for 3 days and then sun drying was done for 1 hour. The products were packed in a plastic bag to protect from the moisture absorption and also to extend its shelf-life. Sensory evaluation of the five noodles samples were performed. Ten panelists were asked to score for the quality attributes viz. , color, flavor, texture and taste in order of their preference according the 9-point Hedonic rating test described by Ranganna (1994). Chemical analyses were performed for the best sample from the sensory evaluation The moisture content and ash content were determined as per AOAC method (1995)Fat rude fiber content and protein content were determined as per Ranganna, 1994. Vitamin content was determined by HPLC as prescribed by Pharmacopeia, 1985. The product was also tested for physical properties such as length, color, edge and thickness. The cooking quality of the product was also determined in terms of cooking time, water absorption capacity, volume expansion and cooking loss as per Poudyal, 1988. 3. Results and Discussions The moisture content of the wheat flour was determined as 12. 2% and its gluten content was determined as 10%. To make noodles, the wheat flour containing 10-12% gluten is suitable. The quality of the wheat flour to make noodles depend on the gluten. If the gluten content is low, there is chance of breakage of noodles. Similarly, the moisture content of the carrot powder was determined as 9. 5%. Sample A with 5% carrot powder had the highest score in terms of quality attributes although the quality attributes among other products except product D (with 20% carrot powder) were not significantly different. (p=0. 05) In case of stick noodle, according to Nepal Standard, the moisture content must not exceed 12. 5%. The moisture content of both type of noodle is less than 12. 5% and there is no big difference between the moisture content of the two products. The protein content of stick noodle must not be less than 8% on dry basis. The protein content of plain noodle was found to be 10. 2% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 10. 3%. There was not much difference in the protein content because the protein content in carrot is very low. Fat is an energy giving constituent. Fat content of the plain noodle was found to be 0. 6% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 0. 6%. The fiber content of the plain noodle was found to be 0. 35% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 0. 7%. The fiber content in high in carrot.

Endocrine Disruption :: The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well. The hormones produced from the endocrine system come from a wide range of different places. Among those responsible for hormone production are the glands and a few organs as well. The glands that are involved are the pituitary, thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, and adrenal. The organs, which also play a vital part, are the pancreas, gonads, kidneys, heart, and parts of the digestive tract. All these different glands or organs work together in the production of certain hormones. Those produced in one location will almost always have an effect on many other areas of the body, not just the surrounding tissues. An analogy that fits very well with the study of the endocrine system is that of a message in a bottle. We can think of the body as a river, and a specific hormone may be a bottle containing a message. The organs or glands mentioned above would manufacture the â€Å"bottles'; (hormones) that would be released into the river (blood stream). If there were no receptor sites for the hormones in the body, then they would continue to flow along the river and probably not make their destination. However, there are systems of receptor sites that enable specific hormones to bind in specific places. Structure also plays a major role in determining which hormones are able to bind to which receptors. When these â€Å"messages in bottles'; reach their appointed destination, the binding into the receptor site causes a cascade of reactions to occur. It is these reactions that are vital in maintaining our homeostasis. Many times the binding of the receptor site causes a direct expression of a certain gene. This is where endocrine disrupters can exert major damage. In addition to gene expression, endocrine disrupters cause havoc in many other areas of the body. What exactly are endocrine disrupting chemicals? Endocrine disrupters are chemical agents that produce reversible or irreversible effects in individuals or populations by interfering with hormone function.

Blanche Dubois

Peoples 1 Tashana Peoples Professor Johnson English 201- 9E3 May 18, 2012 Final Research Paper: A Streetcar Named Desire Draft Blanche Dubois is a character in Tennessee William’s play A Streetcar Named Desire. She is a rather important person in the play, as the plot is largely centered on her and Stanley Kowalski. Her character is challenging and controversial because she has a shocking past but portrays herself to be a classy and sophisticated woman. Blanche arrives at her sister Stella’s apartment in New Orleans, Louisiana on a streetcar named Desire (symbol).The urban, somewhat grimy atmosphere is a shock to Blanche. Blanche then starts to look down on her sister’s apartment as well as her husband: Blanche: No, now seriously, putting joking aside. Why didn’t you tell me, why didn’t you write me, honey, why didn’t you let me know? Stella: Tell you what, Blanche? Blanche: Why, that you had to live in these conditions! (Scene One) She acts as if she’s better than everyone else and too good to be living like they are. Even after she insults her sister’s living conditions, Stella still welcomes her sister with open arms.Blanche starts off in the very beginning of the play lying to Stella about her work situation: â€Å"Blanche: I was so exhausted by all I’d been through my- nerves broke. I was on the verge of- lunacy, almost! So Mr. Graves- Mr. Graves is the high school superintendent- he suggested that I take a leave of absence. † (Scene One) Blanche tells Stella that her supervisor allowed her to take time off because of her nerves when in fact she has been fired for having an affair with an underage student. This is just one instance showing her interaction with the opposite gender.Later in the play readers find out that she has also been very promiscuous with numerous men when Stanley receives this information from a colleague. This along with many other things leads to her wanting to esc ape Laurel. Stanley doesn’t like Blanche and he makes it known that he’s onto her lies. In Scene Ten he begins to tell her that she acts classy and has fancy items but not once does that fool him. He even buys her a ticket to go home and tells his wife that Blanche has to leave on Tuesday. Towards the ending of the play, Blanche claims that she received a wire from a man who invited her to go to the Caribbean with him.He is supposedly a wealthy man and she tries to show off by bragging to people about it. Both the wire and the invitation turn out to be another one of her hallucinations. Blanche has had a disturbed life, including a marriage that ended because her husband committed suicide after she discovers him having a homosexual affair. This leads her into a world where fantasies and illusions blend with reality. Everything she tells Stella and Stanley are lies and figments of her imagination. The play ends with her leaving not on a bus back to her hometown, but to a mental hospital with a doctor.

Training Professionals Have a Leading Role in Innovation and Change.

Management is a fundamental and broad area of business reality today. Effective management practices can lead to organizational success. For organizations to best achieve this success, they need to be receptive to innovation and change. With these as objectives in mind, it becomes apparent that training professionals can play a leading role. Change (in a business context) can basically mean the management to ‘plan, initiate, realize, control, and stabilize’ change on both, corporate and personal level (Recklies 2011), while innovation is defined by Sylver (2011) as a mean the introduction of something new that makes something better than it was before. Training professionals are those people who help companies use the most out of their workforce, whether they need to receive training or not (Armson 2008). The purpose of this essay is to successfully explain the leading role that training professionals have in innovation and change. Nowadays, the role of a training professional is to successfully come up with a program that will improve the performance of a certain work group with the best practices to lead towards innovation and change (Miller 2010). Having the right skills to professionally develop someone is essential of the training professionals. As mentioned by Training and Development (2008), professional development is essentially an organized ‘maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skills’ as well as the personal development of one’s qualities to the level that is necessary to maintain relevance and effectiveness. Generally, it is fundamental that training professionals help the organization’s workers learn all that they need in order to know how to get their job done (Poell, Van Der Krogt, Vermulst, Harris & Simons, 2011). Having the right approach is a fundamental step for training professionals to successfully deliver their training and development programs. Firms, nowadays, make considerable effort to efficiently succeed on training their employees. For instance, one of the first steps of training that Mc Donalds US company brings to its new employees is to attend a class called ‘Hamburger U’ – which is now known as ‘ â€Å"Bachelor of Hamburgerology† ’ – so that they can fully understand the firm’s culture and produce a more efficient work (Nation’s Restaurant News 2005). It is also important that training professionals approach carefully to their superiors, as they might need some training or guidance as well. Furthermore, an interesting approach that can be used to train people is to simply not train people. By that, it means that having a training program might not always necessarily be needed measure for performance improvement or change. There are a lot more factors than just the lack of skill that can influence a worker. Asking questions, as Nick Miller (2010) said, about ‘motivation, purpose, end goal, leading indicators, and performance obstacles’ are a really important step to fully know if training is actually needed or not. This is also missed most time due to the lack of relationship between the superiors and the general workers. It is essential that organizations develop innovation into their training and development programs. ANZ Bank focuses its training in four main points: ‘Learning for leadership and talent’ where they help leaders develop their leadership skills; ‘Core banking skills’ where the bank aims to train its employees to develop the necessary technical skills to be able to satisfy their customers; ‘Organizational culture and values’ where it aims to improve social interaction and a deeper knowledge of cultures and finally ‘Learning infrastructure’ where the focus is on ensuring that everyone gets the training that they need (ANZ 2011). The company itself focuses their four points all so that they can bring out the best of its employees towards its customers. Crown is another huge company who has its own training program that is also aimed at their employees. In fact, they have their own college called ‘Crown College’ (HC Online 2011) where employees undergo training to improve themselves. Crown College has a partnership with Swinburne University for its extensive efficient management training programs. As Crown’s human resources executive general manager Peter Coyne (HC Online 2011) mentioned: ‘ â€Å"Employees might start down the Certificate pathway and then step into a Diploma of Business, which can be converted into a degree at Swinburne at some point in the future† ’, this shows that crown focuses its main training facility for a younger age group and that the firm, as mentioned by Peter Coyne (HC Online 2011), trains younger people who got work in crown that had ‘limited success in secondary school’ (HC Online 2011) to change their mindsets from having a job in this epartment of hospitality to turn it into a life time career. ANZ and Crown are two companies that belong to different industries. ANZ is a bank and gets its income mainly from their clients that keep their money there, whereas Crown is a Hotel/Casino where it earns its income from a broad area of hospitality and from gambling itself. Similarly, both firms bring out the most of its employees for one goal: customer satisfaction. Both firms might belong to different industries, but both need customers in order to survive. ANZ needs their money in the bank and Crown needs them for the casino and hotel as well. They both provide services to their customers and the degree of how satisfied the customers are is a really important point for both firms. On the other hand, ANZ focuses its training on people with a good base education that also have high years of experience in the field (ANZ 2011) and Crown aims its training towards the younger age group who doesn’t have much experience as well as studies. In conclusion, various sources believe that the role of Training Professionals is essential for business success, because these people can provide a competitive advantage. Approaches taken by Training Professionals tend to vary, but their common objective is to lead an organization into the level where the business becomes more efficient so that it meets the leaders goals and expectations. In my opinion, training professionals might be under rated. Not much people would even think of it as an option for their careers, but this role is so important for an organization because of its unlimited potential of improving any whatsoever department of the company. References Miller, N 2010, ‘Leading workplace innovation and change: brave new role’, T+D, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 54-58 Poell, R F, Van der Krogt, F J, Vermulst, A A, Harns, R, Simons, M 2006, ‘Roles of informal workplace trainers in different organisational contexts: empirical evidence from Australian companies’, Human Resource Development Quarterly, vol 17, no. 2, pp. 175-198. Retrieved 14 August 2011 HC Online 2011, ‘Taking the crown: HR at crown casino’ retrieved 18 September 2011, ANZ 2011, ‘Learning and Development’ retrieved 17 September 2011, Sylver, B 2011, ‘What does â€Å"Innovation† really mean? ’, retrieved 17 September 2011, Recklies, O 2011, ‘Managing Change – Definition and Phases in Change Processes’ retrieved 16 September 2011, Armson, G. 2008, ‘How innovative is your culture? : Coaching for creativity in the workplace’, Training & Development, p. 20-23, retrieved on the 1 4 September 2011, Business Source Complete, AN: 41563804 Training & Development 2008, ‘The L&D professional Up-Skilling, developing and evolving’, p. 23-24, retrieved 15 September 2011 , Business Source Complete, AN: 43387257 Nation’s Restaurant News 2005, ‘Hamburger University: Ensuring the future’, p. 104-107, retrieved 16 September 2011, Business Source Complete, AN: 16764918

King Alfred the Great essays

King Alfred the Great essays King Alfred the Great (871-899) was one of the best kings ever to rule. He defended his kingdom from Viking raids, enacted a code of laws, and helped to give rebirth to religious and scholarly activity. During Alfreds reign, he demonstrated military and strategic skills, sound authority and the capability to inspire men and plan for the future, great devotion to the support of religion, personal scholarship and the promotion of education. King Alfred was born in 849 AD at Wantage, Berkshire. Aethelwulf, the King of Wessex and Alfreds father, had four sons and one daughter. Alfred was the youngest of the four other children. At the age of four, Alfred had the desire to become a monk. As a result, his father sends him to accompany Pope Leo IV in Rome. Alfred would go to Rome again with his father in 855 on a pilgrimage. In 858, Aethelwulf dies, leaving Wessex to be governed by his three other brothers, Ethelbald, Ethelbert, and Elthred. (Alfred the Great) In 865 a "great heathen army" (Alfred the Great) arrived in England seizing a dispute in Northumbria in order to control the divided kingdom. By 870, the army had built multiple roads into Mercia, subdued East Anglia, and killed its king Edmund. By 871, the heathens joined forces with another army from overseas, and began to attack Wessex. In return, the West-Saxons and the Mercians combine forces and attack the Danes. The only way for Alfred to get the Danes to submit to peace was to pay them a large sum of money. In 868, Alfred marries Ealhswith, the daughter of Aelthelred Mucill. Ealhswith was the granddaughter of a past King of Mercia. Alfred would not ascend to the throne until the death of his brother Elthred, in Easter of 871. (Alfred the Great) Now that Alfred is King of Wessex, he must protect his insecure kingdom from invasion. The Danes would attack the West-Saxons again in 875. But this time Alfred did not pay them for ...

Most Common Answer on the ACT Guess C

Most Common Answer on the ACT Guess C SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Everyone knows that, when guessing on a multiple-choice test, the best answer to choose is C...right? A friend of a friend swears by it, it’s served you well in the past (maybe?), and it’s become such a commonly known â€Å"fact,† such an undisputed strategy, that you may feel as if you were born knowing it- †when in doubt, pick C and move on.† But does this time-honored tradition of picking C when in doubt actually work on the ACT? And if not, what can you do to improve your odds when guessing? Let’s look at the facts. Why You Should Answer Every Question on the ACT First of all, there is no penalty for choosing a wrong answer on the ACT, so make sure tonever leave a question blank. You'll earn one point for every correct answer you choose and zero points for any blank or wrong answers, so it doesn'thurt you to make a guess. If you don't knowan answer and guessit wrong, you'll earn the same number of points that you would have had you left it blank (zero). And if you guessthe question right, you'll earn yourself one point! Now when you're forced to guess on a question for whatever reason, you'll have to decide between thetwo main types of guessing: educated guessing and blindguessing. So let's break down how and when to go about making each type of guess. Educated Guessing You can make an educated guess when you: understand the gist of a question, butdon't have the timeto workthrough it completely, don't quite know how to work through a question completely, or you're torn between a few answer options. But if you've got some idea of what the answer can (and- just as important- what it can't) be, it's time to eliminate some answer choices and make an educated guess. For example, let's look at an ACT math problem: Even if you don't have enough time to completely work through the problem or don't know all the steps, just a little knowledge of lines and slopes will tell usthat the answer will be B, C, or D. Why? Because our given slope is $-{2/3}$and a negative slope will fall down towards the right when drawn through our given point (2, 5). This means we can eliminate answer choices A and E immediately. (Spoiler alert: D is the right answer.) BlindGuessing But let's say you've come up against a question and you have absolutely no clue where to begin. Or maybeyou've got ten seconds left on the clock and fifteen questions still left unanswered. You know that leaving a question blank is tantamount to throwing your points out the window, so now it's time to make a blindguess. There's no time for educated guessing or eliminating answer choices- you just have to fill in a bubble. Butwhen you have to make a blindguess like this (or multiple blind guesses), are you better off choosing C than any other answer choice? Let's see. Don't let their cheerful smiles fool you- three of them are hiding the wrong answer, dun dun DUN. Fact or Fiction: Is C the Most Common Answer on the ACT? The idea that C is the best answer to choose when guess-answering a question on a multiple choice test rests on the premise that ACT answer choices are not truly randomized.In other words, the implication is that answer choice C is correct more often than any other answer choice.After all, if the answer key were truly randomized, then why should C be any more likely to be the right answer than any other option? [Note: the ACT switches between using A, B, C, D (andE on the math section) and F, G, H, J (and K on the math). H is the equivalentto C.] Some (or even many) of your high school teachers likely still design their tests by hand, which means that their answer keys will not be statistically random.No matter how much your teachers try to randomize their choices, human beings are NOT random and cannot properly randomize a series.For instance, a truly random sampling will actually produce bizarre strings of patterns- e.g., five AB’s in a row, or twenty questions without a D- and most people do not (or cannot) create these patterns when they try their best to be â€Å"random.† Fortunately or unfortunately, this is NOT the case on the ACT. Unlike many of the tests you take in high school, ACT answer keys are completely computer generated. And computers are very good at being random. This means that the answer choices will have a statistically even distribution of 1 in 4 for each answer choice letter (or1 in 5 on the math section): there is no most common answer on the ACT. So, ultimately, guessing C (or any letter!) will give you the correct answer only a statistical 25% of the time(20% on the math section). Which meansit's NOT true that choosing C will give you a better rate of success than choosing any other letter for your blind guessing. What to do, then? So How Should You Guess? If C isn't the most common answer on the ACT, then which letter should you guess? The truth is that it doesn't matter which letter you pick, only that you stick to the one you choose. The best strategy,and the one that will maximize your overall point gain,is to pick your favorite letter and fill it infor every blind guess. Maybe that letter is A/F or B/G - it doesn't matter. Just be sure to stick with it every single time. So definitelygo ahead and choose C/H to be your designated letter if you like it best! (Just don't expect C to be any betteran answer choice than A, B, or D.) But maybe you're thinking that sounds completely illogical. Why should you fill in the same letter over and over? Why Does Sticking to One Letter Increase Your Odds of Guessing the Right Answer? Your overall score will improve if you stick to choosing the same letter again and again when making blind guesses. This isbecause people are never truly random. If you’re making "random" blind guesses in a spread, you will almost certainly reduce your overall guesses odds, because your best attempt at random guessing cannot replicate computer-generated randomness. But by sticking to your designated letter when making blind guesses, you are re-introducing an element of randomness. Let’s see this in action to better demonstrate why this works. Scenario: It’s crunch time and you’ve run out of minuteson the clock. You have 15 questions left to goand only a few seconds to bubble in your answers. This means you don’t have time to even look at the questions, so you must try to make the best blind guesses you can and maximize your point-gain. You are left with two options: make a random guess spread, or fill in every letter with the same answer choice. Let’s see how each option does when compared to a real ACT answer guide (in this case, we are using the first 15 answers of the 2015/2016 ACT reading section answers, with all F, G, H, J's converted to A, B, C, D's.) (Note: for our random spread, we tried to guess as randomly as we could without looking at the answer key, and for our consistent letter, we simply went with C.) â€Å"Random† Spread Consistent Guess (C) Correct Answers A C A C C D B C C A C C A C B B C D D C A B C C D C B B C D C C A A C D C C C C C D D C B By choosing a random spread, we earned 2 points out of a possible 15.But by sticking with one answer choice, we earned 4 points. Ultimately, sticking to the sameletter won't work better for each individual question, but on average and over a spread, the strategywill let you maximize your overall point-gain. Oh, statistics, you strange creature. The Take-Aways So is C the most common answer on the ACT? No! But is it the best letter to choose when you're in a bind and don't know what the right answer choice is? Well, that's more complicated. Always remember that it'sin your best bet to eliminate answer choiceswhenever possible. But if you can't, and you must make a blind guess, then stick to one letter and run with it every time. If you want this letter to be C (and it's equivalent, H), then go right ahead! Just make sure you stick with it every single time. C isn't any better or worse than any other letter, or any more likely to be the correct answer, but if you decide to stick with it for every blind guess you make, you'll be better off than trying to be "random." What's Next? Blind guessing strategy is great in a pinch, but elimination is always better! Check out our guides on how to make your best guesses on the ACT, how to eliminate answer choices on the ACT math section, and how to avoid the top elimination pitfalls that many students make. Want to get more ACT practice? Check out all the free ACT tests available online and gauge how you're scoring by checking out what falls into a "good" and "bad" ACT score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points or more? Check out PrepScholar's test-prep programour five day free trial. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. 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The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Essay

The Global Social and Enviremental Opportunities and Risks Facing Woolworths - Essay Example On a global front, Woolworths needs to keep identifying risks and prospects that keep emerging as well as those already in existent. A noteworthy characteristic of the retail industry that Woolworths face is the rising intensity of competition and domination by few companies (Seth & Randall 2001). Therefore, accurate evaluation of social and environmental opportunities and risks is very critical to enable the company to adopt apposite strategic measures. Understanding of these opportunities and risks helps in establishment of effective growth policies and expansion plans or in a more threatening environment measures that pre-eminently upholds the current position or if need be, allows pull-out from markets. Understanding of future opportunities and risks also helps toshape how the management base their strategic decisions. This is because they need to balance and in consideration of other factors, they determine a realistic and sustainable direction to the retail business. Opportunit ies and risk analysis enables a retail chain, such as Woolworths, to identify the global markets and areas that are viable to open up new ventures and how exactly to take care of the needs of the clientele (Richardson & Williams 1995). In addition, they determine the allocation of resources.Opportunities and risks can be in any aspect of the company. They can be in skills and abilities of the employees, location and environment of operation, products and branding, financial and informational management. Social Opportunities and Risks One of the most noteworthy social opportunities is the global Woolworths Trust EduPlant programme (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). In collaboration with other organizations and educational institutions in several countries, for instance South Africa the programme sponsors and funds educational institutions in the growing of healthy foods in a sustainable system (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). For over the last ten years, EduPlant programme has supported thousan ds of educational institutions to boost food security in the societies and to improve the nutrition of their students (Burch & Lawrence 2007, p 24). The programme runs annually and begins with an invitation to various stakeholders in the education sector to go for one day all-expense paid permaculture training.Those who are trained on various permaculture techniques become food security campaigners in their societies. They are then sponsored to grow food gardens that produce much-needed food for the schools within the communities. Land portions within the schools are converted into healthy greened environments and the trained educators are empoweredto share their permaculture skills with other members of the community (Burch & Lawrence, 2007). After the learning institutions have grown their gardens, they register them into a national competition. They continue to get support and guidance from trained permaculture specialists who visit the institutions and finally choose 63 finalist s. All selected finalist institutions are awarded with cash rewards and environmental, health and agricultural resources. Further rewards- in both cash and resources are given to the winners of various other categories. This programme is a great opportunity to market and promote Woolworths and make it a great brand name across all generations as well as boost its corporate social responsibility regarding

Ersatz Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ersatz Happiness - Essay Example However, this kind of euphoria is clearly false and robs a person’s right to a substantial life. The different characters in the story also portray hints that being in the new world is not really satisfactory. In the same sense, all the other methods that the Utopians have such as the â€Å"feelies† in order to have a â€Å"happy† life are blemished. The feelies is a kind of a movie theater that is supposed to be the main source of entertainment. In this cinema, the senses are falsely generated. Thus, Utopian’s ersatz happiness equates to a meaningless existence. The author, Huxley, cautions his readers against scientific utopianism. Though his novel was published in 1932, the principles that may be derived from his work are still quite applicable today. Unlike the contemporary utopian novels of his time such as â€Å"A Modern Utopia† by H.G. Wells, he sought to picture a pessimistic future. This may be influenced by the industrial revolution that w as quite apparent in the 20th century. There were also particular companies that advocated advancements concerning science and technology such as Imperial Chemical Companies (ICI). In its prime, it was known as the â€Å"biggest chemical group in the UK† (Bawden 1). This may have influenced Huxley’s portrayal of pharmacological achievements. ... A number of them could have viewed cutting-edge science as a savior. In addition, due to the unemployment at that time, the use of marijuana was introduced by Mexican immigrants (Monroy 27). Some people used this psychoactive drug to escape reality and experience a moment of elation. This is somehow parallel with Soma which was used to annihilate negative moods. In the story, there are indications that the Utopians felt that something was missing in their existence. They have occasional inklings of dissatisfaction. â€Å"Happiness is not a static state. Even the happiest of people- the cheeriest 10% -feel blue at times† (Wallis 2). There is a need to experience painful emotion to truly feel happiness. It is the healthy combination of negative and positive emotion that helps people to make a sense of reality. Without feeling low, it is difficult to realize the opposite. Hence, the people in the new world did not really have euphoria in the real sense. The difference between the so called perfect world and that of the outside is portrayed when the difference between the Savage Reservation and the new world was described. This is especially noticeable in John who was known as â€Å"the savage†. He spent his early childhood in the Reservation and was brought to Utopia. Indeed, he did not have the culture that denotes a very stable society. However, he still possessed quite humane characteristics such as truthfulness as well as benevolence. Comparably, people who are genuinely happy have more positive attributes. â€Å"Kindness might create a virtuous cycle that promotes lasting happiness and altruism† (Dixon, â€Å"Kindness Makes You Happy and Happiness Makes You Kind). According to the

Challenges of Older Workers in America Research Paper

Challenges of Older Workers in America - Research Paper Example Many of the employers in America are of the view that the productivity and efficiency of the older workers are lower as compared to the same traits in the young employees. Therefore, majority of the employers in America are not very interested in recognizing the contributions of older workers properly. While deciding promotions, incentives and salary hikes, employers often consider the needs of younger employees only. Moreover, when employers are deciding to reduce the number of employees, older employees often come in the list as the first priority. This paper analyses various challenges older workers in America face. Introduction As with many other demographic groups, older workers’ unemployment overall and long-term unemployment rates have increased dramatically since the recession began in 2007. In December 2011, the unemployment rate for older workers was 6.0 percent, up from 3.1 at the start of the recession, but down from its peak of 7.6 percent in February 2010. In par ticular, long-term unemployment rose substantially, and at a greater rate for older than younger workers. By 2011, 55 percent of unemployed older workers had been actively seeking a job for more than half a year (27 weeks or more) (â€Å"Many Experience Challenges Regaining Employment and Face Reduced Retirement Security†, 2012). ... heir homes or apartments, and approximately half have been looking for work for more than a year† (â€Å"Older Low-Income Workers Face Historic Crisis†, n.d.). These statistics clearly suggest that the social security of the older generation of America is in danger at present because of various reasons such as recession, economic crisis and many other social factors. It should be noted that the young in America are not interested in protecting their parents nowadays. Because of that, many of the unemployed parents are facing huge financial problems. They need enough money to seek the services of charity organizations when they are in need of some kind of assistance. In short, unemployment problems among older workers are not only an economic problem but also a social problem. In short, challenges facing by older workers are an important problem in America now, and it is extremely important to get more insights into this topic. Review of Literature: Challenges of Older Wo rkers in America According to Richard W. Johnson (2010), â€Å"On average, laid-off male workers 50–61 who become reemployed earn 15 percent less on the new job than the old job, and those age 62 and older earn 21 percent less† (p.2). He has also pointed out that age discrimination prevails in American workplaces. He states: In 2008, 15 percent of workers age 55–61 reported that their employers give preference to younger workers over older workers in promotion decisions. Low-skilled older men are especially likely to report this type of discrimination: 29 percent of men who did not complete high school and 20 percent of high school graduates claimed that their employers preferred younger workers, compared with 13 percent of men who had attended college (p.2). According to Tomiko Thomas, program

Flow Phenomena Within a Compressor Cascade

Flow Phenomena Within a Compressor Cascade Paolo Mastellone section{Aim of the investigation} The scope of the assignment is to study and assess the flow phenomena within a compressor cascade employing controlled diffusion blades through a computational fluid dynamic simulation. The results of the simulation are subsequently compared to the experimental data obtained from the simulated cascade. The quality and the discrepancies are discussed in order to demonstrate the understanding of the theory and the application computational tools. section{Experimental data} The simulation is based on the experimental work done by Hobson et al.cite{rif1} that studied the effect of the Reynolds number on the performances of a second generation controlled-diffusion stator-blades in cascade. The three Reynolds numbers evaluated were 6.4E5, 3.8E5 and 2.1E5. This work was carried out in order to analyse a more representative Reynolds number of flight conditions and to create a test case for computational fluid dynamic models of turbulence and transition. The experimental cascade is made of 10 67B stator blades with an aspect ratio of 1.996 and the solidity of 0.835. The tecnique used for the experimental measurement is the laser Doler velocimetry (LDV) with a seed material of 1$mu $m oil mist particles. The experimental data and e cascade geometric parameters are shown in the figures below. The Reynolds number used for the simulation is 6.4E5, which gives an inlet velocity of: $$ where is the kinematic viscosity and $L$ is the blade chord. section{Mesh} The software used for the mesh generation is ANSYS ICEM. The mesh has a critical importance and consequences on simulation and results, a well-constructed mesh eliminates problem of instabilities, absence of convergence and increase the opportunity to achieve the right solution cite{rif4}. There are key aspects to take into account, the mesh must capture the geometric details and the physics of the problem.\ The discretization is made for one representative flow passage introducing periodic boundary conditions. The fluid domain thickness is half of the blade spacing in order to use properly the periodic boundary conditions: the fluid quantities at the top and the bottom of the domain will be the same, in order to represents the periodicity of the cascade. The inlet and the outlet distances from the blade are respectively 2.5 and 3 times the blade chord so that their position doesnt have an influence on the results and the flow is fully developed at this stations. In order to get low numerical diffusion the mesh must be aligned with the flow directioncite{rif2}, consequently to have the same geomety of the simulation the blade is staggered of $ang{16.3}$ and the inlet grid inclination is $ang{38}$ while the outlet one is $ang{5.5}$. The mesh is a structured type made of quadrilateral elements, because they can be fitted to flow direction and are quite tolerant of skew and stretchingcite{r if2}. To adapt the mesh at the profile an O-grid type made of 9 blocks is used. subsection{First node position} One major parameters for the mesh sizing is the non dimensional distance $y^+=frac{u^+y}{nu}$. This parameter must be chosen as a function of the type of boundary layer treatment. The use of a wall function consents to bridge the explicit resolution of the near wall region, which is described by the dimensionless parameters $u^+$ and $y^+$. The turbulent boundary layer is subdivided into the viscous sub-layer for $y^+RNG. For the k-$omega$ SST a near wall treatment has been chosen and hence a $y^+=1$, which resulted in first node distance of 0.004 mm. With the K-$epsilon$ RNG model a standard wall function has been adopted and choosing $y^+=25$ the first node distance is 0.1 mm. subsection{Grid independence study} The number of nodes required for a 2D simulation with resolved boundary layers is around 20000 while is around 10000 nodes if a wall function is used cite{rif2}. The grid adopted for the K-$omega$ SST has 20128 nodes. The mesh for the K-$varepsilon$ RNG model, which uses a wall function, has 14488 nodes. The two meshes have been chosen between three types with increasing resolution: a coarse, an intermediate and a finer one. The Cd and Cl values obtained from the three meshes are displayed in the table below for the two different turbulent models used for the simulation: k-$omega$ SST and k-$varepsilon$ RNG. A grid independence study and mesh quality analysis have been effectuated for both the meshes of the two different models, and satisfactory results were achieved. In the assignment just the mesh analysis of the K-$omega$ SST model with $y^+=1$ has been reported.\ The difference between the values of Cl and Cd of the intermediate and the fine mesh are negligible, hence the results dont rely upon the mesh resolution anymore and a further increase of the nodes is ineffective. Consequently the intermediate mesh has been adopted in both cases since the results are mesh-independent. The quality of the mesh can be analysed through specific tools available in the software. The overall quality level is acceptable, above 0.85 over 1, even if there are some parts that can be improved. Indeed the skewness at the top due to the curved flow profile and near the trailing edges should be reduced. The region not interested by the wake and the upper and lower parts have been left intentionally coarse since there is not presence of steep gradient in these regions (see figure 10). The quite high aspect ratio in the zones in front and behind the blade can be tolerated because it hasnt a great influence since the mesh is parallel to the flow. The outcomes are displayed below. section{Simulation} The software used for the simulation is ANSYS FLUENT with double precision and four processors enabled for the calculations. The problem has to be properly set up through subsequent steps. subsection{Solution setup} In this section the inputs for the simulation must be implemented. The mesh has to be scaled to the proper geometric dimensions (mm) and afterwards has to be checked to find eventual errors. The solver is a pressure-based type and the simulation is 2D planar. The turbulent model used and compared are the K-$varepsilon$ RNG with a standard wall function and the K-$omega$ Shear Stress Transport both with default model constants. The methods use two separate transport equations for the turbulent velocity and length scale which are independently determined cite{rif5}. The first model is characterised by robustness,economy and reasonable accuracy. The RNG formulation contains some refinements which make the model more accurate and reliable for a wider class of flows than the standard K-$varepsilon$ model cite{rif5}. It is semi-empirical and based on the transport equations for the turbulence kinetic energy ($K$) and its dissipation rate ($varepsilon$) cite{rif5}. The limit of this model is the assumption of complete turbulent flow, which is not the case in consideration.\ The second model is also empirical but is based on the specific dissipation rate ($omega$). The K-$omega$ SST is an improvement of the standard K-$omega$ and it is more reliable and accurate for adverse pressure gradient flows because it includes the transport effects for the eddy viscosity cite{rif5}. This model should capture more accurately the flow behaviour because of the adverse pressure gradient on the suction side of the blade. The fluid used is air, the specific heat and the thermal conductivity are kept constant as well as the density and the viscosity. Indeed the Reynolds and hence the velocity field are low and the problem can be considered incompressible, as a consequence the energy equation is not necessary.\ The boundary conditions for the blade profile, the outlet and the lateral edges have been set to wall, pressure outlet and periodic respectively.\ For the inlet boundary condition the velocity-inlet has been selected, through the magnitude and direction method, the main velocity from the Reynold number is 73.56 m/s and the components are $x=cos(38degree)=0.78801$ and $y=sin(38degree)=0.61566$. For the turbulence definition the intensity and length scale method is used since there are no informations about the value of $K$, $omega$ and $varepsilon$ but just about the inlet turbulence. The value of the turbulence intensity is determined by the formula: $$ The turbulent length scale, from the Fluent manual, is: $$ which is an approximate relationship based on the fact that in fully-developed duct flows, $ell$ is restricted by the size of the duct since the turbulent eddies cannot be larger than the duct cite{rif5}. subsection{Calculation parameters} In this step the parameters to achieve the solution are decided. The calculation has been split into two parts: in the first one the solution method has a simple scheme with a first order Upwind spatial discretization; the second one has a coupled scheme and is second order Upwind. In the first part a first-order accuracy result is achieved and is used as the input for second part of the calculation.\ The monitors are enabled to assess the convergence of the calculation. For the residuals the convergence criterion has been set to 1E-6 for continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, energy, k and $omega$. Other two monitors for Cl and Cd have been added to appraise the convergence. For Cd the vector components are x = 0.78801 and y = 0.61566 although for Cl are x = -0.61566 and y = 0.78801. Their their value must be asymptotic when the solution converges. The last parameter used to check the convergence is the net value of mass flow flux inside the domain, which must be zero. To initialize the solution an hybrid method is used, afterwards the calculation can be run. section{Results} subsection{Convergence} The convergence has been reached after 479 iterations for the k-$omega$ SST and after 410 for the k-$varepsilon$ RNG. From the reports the mass flow flux can be evaluated, the difference between the inlet and the outlet is in the order of 1E-7 in both cases. According to this outcomes the convergence has been verified and the validation of the simulation results with the experimental study can be performed. subsection{Post processing} The post processing of the results is useful to understand the validity of the simulation.\ From the velocity contours the acceleration of the fluid on the suction side and the deceleration on the pressure side is captured. The pressure contours show the depression on the suction side and an overpressure on the pressure side. The stagnation point on the leading edge is highlighted by pressure and the velocity contours: the velocity is zero and the pressure reach the stagnation value. The separation of the fluid can be seen from the reverse velocity region on the rear part of the airfoil. The two methods made different predictions for the separation phenomenon. Indeed the velocity and the turbulence contours as well as the velocity pathlines show a less intense separation region and a smaller recirculation zone for the k-$varepsilon$ RNG model. subsubsection{K-$omega$ SST} subsubsection{Cp distribution} The Cp distribution is compared to the experimental one. The values from the paper have been extrapolated and inserted in a Matlab graph to give a better comparison. The Cp coefficient is defined by: $$ Cp = frac{p-p_{infty}}{1/2rho_{infty} V_{infty}^2}$$ where the value of $rho_{infty}$ and $p_{infty}$ are extracted from the Fluent reports in terms of mass-weighted average: The abscissa values from Fluent data has been normalised with the chord length in order to obtain the same type of graph. In the experiment for the low and the intermediate Reynold numbers there was a separation bubble between approximately 50 and 65% of the chord for Re=3.8E5 and between 45 and 70% for Re=2.1E5, while it was absent for the highest Reynolds number. The absence of the separation bubble is captures from both the models since the Cp coefficient rises continuously after the point of minimum pressure. The separation at about 80% of the chord is highlighted by flat trend of the Cp cite{rif6} by both models . On the pressure side the trends are very similar to the experiment. On the suction side a difference is observed after the 40% of the chord. Both the simulation results are shifted, a possible explanation could be the presence of 3D effects and secondary flows which are not captured by the 2D simulations. In the subsequent sections only one passage has been taken into account for the comparison with the results of Hobson et al.cite{rif1}. The stations 7,8,9 and 13 have been used for the observations (see figure 4). Station 7,8 and 9 have been taken perpendicular to the profile as showed in the paper. subsubsection{Wake profile} The wake profile presents the velocity distribution behind the blade leading edge, the measurement has been made at station 13 that is 20% of the chord downstream the leading edge. The data from the simulation were exported from Fluent and plotted on Matlab, the abscissa is normalised with the blade spacing S. Both the models highlight a profile similar to the experiment even if the wake wideness is underestimated. Anyway the obtained trends appear to be quite accurate. subsubsection{Turbulence intensity} The turbulence intensity profiles exhibit a trend similar to the paper. The figures has been divided by $sqrt{2}$ because of the different definition of turbulence intensity and the values on the abscissa have been normalised with the blade space S. The simulations captured the double-peaked distribution due to the boundary layer separation. The peaks are in correspondence of the maximum velocity gradient in the wake profile (see figure 27), likewise the experimental data. The outcomes ofÂÂ   K-$omega$ SST are more similar to the paper trend. The underestimation of the wake amplitude is consistent with the previous graph. subsubsection{Outlet flow angle} The velocity flow angle distribution has considerable differences compared to the paper data. A likely explanation could be the limitation of the simulation that can capture only the 2D flow characteristics, while the significant flow angle is primarily caused by the secondary flows in the cascade which are typical 3D effects. This is supported by the fact that the trends predicted by the two models are very similar hence both miss some flow characteristic that cannot be predicted by the 2D simulation. The mass-averaged exit flow angle in the experiment was $ang{9.25}$, the results from the fluent reports are showed below. subsubsection{Velocity profiles} The velocity profiles, normalised with the inlet velocity and the blade chord, at station 7,8 and 9 have are presented.\ At station 7 the curves are almost identical, the velocity evolves from zero in contact with the wall and then increases over the reference speed of 73.56 m/s. At station 8 and 9 both the experimental and the K-$omega$ SST present a reverse flow close to the wall, evidence of the separation. At station 8 and 9 the experimental reverse flow reaches 0.06 (7.6mm) and 0.1 (12.7 mm) of the blade chord that is in agreement with the results of the K-$omega$ SST model. The K-$varepsilon$ RNG fails to capture the reverse flow (only a negligible portion on at station 9). This is in accordance with the theory: the K-$omega$ SST model has better performance in-handling non equilibrium boundary layer regions, like those close to separation cite{rif4}. subsubsection{Loss coefficient} According to cite{rif3} the loss coefficient is defined by: $$ The table below presents the values calculated for the two different models. The figures have been taken from the Fluent reports in term of mass-weight average. The loss coefficient found in the experiments is 0.029. k-$omega$ SSTÂÂ   k-$varepsilon$ RNG Total pressure inlet $bar{p}_{01}$ [Pa] 2290 2209 Total pressure outlet $bar{p}_{02}$ [Pa] 2176 2103 Static pressure inlet $p_1$ [Pa] -1048 -1107 Loss coefficient $omega$ 0.034 0.031 The two coefficients are of the same order of magnitude to the one determined experimentally. The slightly difference could be explained by the different reference sections used for the mass-weight average in the experiment (upper and lower transverse slot for the experiment, see figure 1) since the inlet and the outlet have a different position. Moreover the lightly larger value obtained from the K-$omega$ SST compared to the K-$varepsilon$ RNG is consistent with the greater separation, hence more dissipation of energy, predicted by the model. section{Conclusions} In this assignment a CFD simulation using Icem and Fuent software has been carried out and the results have been analysed with engineering judgement, in order to demonstrate the understanding of the theory and the tools.\ The achievement of satisfying results is strictly related to successful implementation of every single steps of the simulation. The knowledge of the aerodynamics and the physics of the problem is paramount to set the mesh, the boundary conditions and the calculation.\ Great attention has been taken on the mesh generation and it resulted to be the most challenging part since a lot of experience is needed to have good results. The key aspects taken into account are the they grid domain extension, the grid type, the alignment with the flow, aspect ratio and skewness. The choice of the wall treatment influences the first node position. To make a comparison between two turbulence models, for the K-$omega$ SST has been used $y^+=1$ while for the K-$varepsilon$ RNG that uses a standard wall function $y^+=25$. When the mesh has an adequate quality is ready for the simulation. The choice of the turbulence model and the boundary conditions depend on the problem studied and should represent the physic of the problem as precise as possible. Once the simulation has been run the control of the convergence is the necessary but not the sufficient condition to obtain exact outcomes. Indeed the calculation can converge to wrong results if the problem is not well posed. Some modifications have been made to the mesh in order to attain more precision and the calculation has been repeated several times, lots of experience is requested to reduce the number of attempts.\ A qualitative and quantitative comparison with experimental results showed both accuracy and limitations of the simulation. Certainly the mesh can be improved, for example using more then nine blocks, to promote the skewness and the aspect ratio, particularly near the leading and the trailing edge. From the comparison between the K-$omega$ SST and the K-$varepsilon$ RNG the limitations of the latter in the unstable boundary layer treatment have been highlighted.\ The discrepancies observed can be addressed to the 3D effect not captured by the simulation and the limitations of the models adopted. The adoption on more sophisticated models such as the Transition SST (4 equations) and the Reynolds stress (5 equations) can improve the accuracy.